|
1 |
Case Study Site (CSS) |
11 – Burgundy (France) |
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|
1.1 |
Responsible partner |
17 – EQY – EUROQUALITY SARL |
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|
1.2 |
Short description of the CSS |
Several crops are planted in the region but the present study will focus on grapevine. The Burgundy vineyard covers about 30.000 ha along 230 km. The study site is located at the north part of this vineyard in “Côte de Nuits” (https://www.bourgogne-wines.com/our-wines-our-terroir/our-vineyards/a-winegrowing-region-of-many-different-facets-and-the-birthplace-of-some-inimitable-wines,2468,9264.html?). The main site will be the experimental vineyard of the university of Dijon, representative of vineyards of the region in terms of plant material and several practices. Other sites with similar cultivars but different practices will be selected to complete this study. The main site covers 3ha divided in several fields and is planted with the two main emblematic cultivars of the Burgundy appellation: Pinot noir and Chardonnay. Chemical pesticides are used for protection against diseases but particular attention is paid to reduce their dose when possible and to choose those with weak impact on environment. As many other vineyards in Burgundy, this one is committed to obtaining the HVE label (High environmental value) |
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2 |
Location |
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2.1 |
Postal address |
16, Carré Street |
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2.2 |
Name of region, province or canton |
Burgundy |
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2.3 |
Coordinates (google earth) |
47°16’27’’N 4°59’08’’E |
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|
2.4 |
Altitude in meters (below sea level) |
280 |
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|
3 |
Characteristics |
|||
|
3.1 |
Climate |
Mainly continental but at the crossroad of continental, mediterranean and oceanic influences |
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|
3.2 |
Land use |
agriculture and urbanism |
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|
3.3 |
Main crop |
Mainly vines |
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|
3.4 |
Water supply (e.g. irrigation system) |
no |
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|
3.5 |
Type of drinking water supply |
A private company manages a drinking water distribution network. |
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|
4 |
Farming systems |
Conventional |
Organic |
Integrated |
|
4.1 |
Assessment of feasibility to find farming systems in (reasonable) geographical isolation |
- |
- |
+ |
|
4.2 |
Potential for increasing yield |
- |
- |
Yes |
|
4.3 |
Potential for reducing costs |
- |
- |
Yes |
|
4.4 |
Application periods |
- |
- |
During vine development for protection |
|
4.5 |
Alternative farming methods |
Cover crop or grass cover |
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|
5 |
Plastic use / other stressors |
Conventional |
Organic |
Integrated |
|
5.1 |
Sources of MPs |
(Tank of the sprayer) |
Stakes and strings (biodegradable) |
To be determined if any (sprayer tanks?) |
|
5.2 |
Plastic types |
- |
- |
- |
|
5.3 |
Pesticides used |
- |
- |
Copper, sulphur, and also chemicals (selection of those with lower environmental impact) |
|
5.4 |
Veterinary drugs enter via dung |
no data yet |
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|
6 |
Ongoing sharing of experiences |
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|
6.1 |
Ongoing training provision |
Participation of the farm manager in the workshops and meeting of the chamber of agriculture. This vineyard is a pedagogical tool available for all IUVV trainings, including ongoing training. |
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|
6.2 |
Ongoing studies on agricultural production in the region |
Different studies conducted by BIVB (Burgundy Wine Board), INRAE, IUVV, technical institutes, “chambre d’agriculture” |
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|
7 |
Human population |
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7.1 |
Demographics: age distribution |
0-14 years:16.7%; 15-29 years: 19.2%; 30-44 years: 17.9%; 45-59 years: 19.7%; 60-74 years:16.8%; >75 years: 9.8% |
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|
7.2 |
Density |
61 hab./km2 |
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|
7.3 |
Main villages |
Marsannay-la-Côte and other villages of Côte de Nuits (https://www.bourgogne-wines.com/our-wines-our-terroir/our-vineyards/cote-de-nuits-and-hautes-cotes-de-nuits/cote-de-nuits-and-hautes-cotes-de-nuits-purple-and-gold,2470,9313.html |
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7.4 |
Regional & local organisation of health system, access to health information |
The University of Medical Centre and agricultural social security (MSA) |
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7.5 |
Socio-economic characteristics |
Data for «Côte d’Or » Number of jobs in 2015 : 234.785) (3.8% for agriculture) PIB in 2014 73 068 million € PIB per capita in 2014 : 25.914 € |
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7.6 |
Main sources of income by sector |
Viticulture |
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|
7.7 |
Social security system, subsidies (farmers) |
agricultural social security (MSA) |
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|
8 |
Relevant stakeholder organizations |
|||
|
8.1 |
Local authorities |
Marsannay-la-Côte (https://www.ville-marsannay-la-cote.fr) |
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|
8.2 |
Farmers union |
BIVB (Burgundy Wine Board), ODG Marsannay |
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8.3 |
Other |
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|
9 |
Diagnosis |
|
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|
9.1 |
Problems/threats/challenges |
Climate evolution, alternative to herbicides, alternative to chemical pesticides |
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|
9.2 |
Potential for increasing soil quality |
Alternative to herbicides, agroecology |
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9.3 |
Ongoing research and innovation actions on agricultural production |
Academic and technical research projects conducted by BIVB, technical institutes, “chambre d’agriculture” INRAE and IUVV, university of Dijon. |
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9.4 |
Data availability–MPs in soil |
none |
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|
10 |
Links to relevant information |
|
https://www.bourgogne-wines.com/our-wines-our-terroir/our-vineyards/a-winegrowing-region-of-many-different-facets-and-the-birthplace-of-some-inimitable-wines,2468,9264.html |
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|
11 |
References |
|
- |
|
1 |
Case Study Site (CSS) |
9 – Alpenvorland (Austria) |
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1.1 |
Responsible partner |
14 – AGES – OSTERREICHISCHE AGENTUR FUR GESUNDHEIT UND ERNAHRUNGSSICHERHEIT GMBH |
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1.2 |
Short description of the CSS |
Alpenvorland/OÖ Zentralraum is located in the north west of Austria with mixed farming systems: arable and husbandry. AGES collaborates with farmers with crop field experiments - mainly variety testing but also on fungicide and growth regulator tests and fertilization experiments and on soil and crop protection. AGES conducts a long-term compost field experiment with mineral and organic (different kinds and amounts of composts) fertilization. FiBL Austria has close cooperation with organic farmers in the region, e.g. through its long-term on-farm research project Bionet. |
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2 |
Location |
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2.1 |
Postal address |
AGES Linz, Wieningerstraße 8, 4020 Linz |
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2.2 |
Name of region, province or canton |
Alpenvorland |
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|
2.3 |
Coordinates (google earth) |
48°18’N 14°25’E |
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|
2.4 |
Altitude in meters (below sea level) |
280 |
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|
3 |
Characteristics |
|||
|
3.1 |
Climate |
Continental, 753 mm mean annual precipitation, 8.5°C mean annual temperature |
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3.2 |
Land use |
Mainly agriculture, forestry, industry |
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3.3 |
Main crop |
Cereals (e.g. winter wheat, winter barley), maize, soy bean, rape; vegetables |
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3.4 |
Water supply (e.g. irrigation system) |
Often not necessary |
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3.5 |
Type of drinking water supply |
Ground water |
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|
4 |
Farming systems |
Conventional |
Organic |
Integrated |
|
4.1 |
Assessment of feasibility to find farming systems in (reasonable) geographical isolation |
>5 |
>5 |
- |
|
4.2 |
Potential for increasing yield |
yes |
Yes |
- |
|
4.3 |
Potential for reducing costs |
yes |
Yes |
- |
|
4.4 |
Application periods |
March to May (fertilizer, pesticides) |
- |
|
|
4.5 |
Alternative farming methods |
Reduced tillage, crop rotation, cover crops |
- |
|
|
5 |
Plastic use / other stressors |
Conventional |
Organic |
Integrated |
|
5.1 |
Sources of MPs |
Compost, plastic mulches (esp. vegetables) |
Compost, plastic mulches (esp. vegetables) |
- |
|
5.2 |
Plastic types |
No information yet |
No information yet |
|
|
5.3 |
Pesticides used: - |
https://www.baes.gv.at/en/admission/plant-protection-products/plant-protection-products-register/ |
Only organic plant protection |
- |
|
5.4 |
Veterinary drugs enter via dung |
no data yet |
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|
6 |
Ongoing sharing of experiences |
|||
|
6.1 |
Ongoing training provision |
Field days: at farm Kastenhuber in Bad Wimsbach annual field days with 500-800 participants are organised since 2006 (before Corona pandemic) in collaboration with AGES and the agricultural chamber |
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|
6.2 |
Ongoing studies on agricultural production in the region |
AGES field station with different field experiments including the compost trial |
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|
7 |
Human population |
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|
7.1 |
Demographics: age distribution |
Upper Austria in 2020: Age 0-17: 18.1% Age 18-64: 63.2% Age 65+: 18.6% |
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7.2 |
Density |
124 inhabitants per square km in upper Austria |
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7.3 |
Main villages |
Linz; Steyr; Wels; Alkoven; Eferding; Fraham |
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7.4 |
Regional & local organisation of health system, access to health information |
Austrian Agency for Health and Food Safety (AGES), Linz. Agricultural Chamber Linz. |
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7.5 |
Socio-economic characteristics |
Alpenvorland: € 33.286 annual income from agriculture and forestry per farm in 2018 (-16% compared to 2017) |
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7.6 |
Main sources of income by sector |
agriculture |
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7.7 |
Social security system, subsidies (farmers) |
Family allowances & subsidies. |
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|
8 |
Relevant stakeholder organizations |
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|
8.1 |
Local authorities |
Federal province of Upper Austria, Agricultural Chamber, AGES |
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|
8.2 |
Farmers union |
Agricultural Chamber of Upper Austria |
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8.3 |
Other |
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|
9 |
Diagnosis |
|
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|
9.1 |
Problems/threats/challenges |
Preservation of soil quality with intensive agriculture, increase of nutrient (N, P) use efficiency, increasing droughts, missing possibility of irrigation. |
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|
9.2 |
Potential for increasing soil quality |
yes |
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|
9.3 |
Ongoing research and innovation actions on agricultural production |
Arable field experiments, evaluation studies of agro-environmental measures |
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|
9.4 |
Data availability – MPs in soil |
Austrian soil map (eBOD), soil analyses actions in Upper Austria with basic soil parameters (e.g. pH, plant available nutrients, soil organic matter): data used in evaluation studies of the agro-environmental measures. |
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10 |
Links to relevant information |
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|
Austrian Agency for Health and Food Safety: https://www.ages.at/en/topics/agriculture/ FIBL-AT: https://www.fibl.org/en/locations/austria.html Agricultural chamber: https://www.lko.at/ Austrian soil map (eBOD): https://bodenkarte.at/ |
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|
11 |
References |
|
Spiegel, H., Mosleitner, T., Sandén, T. and Zaller, J.G. Effects of two decades of organic and mineral fertilization of arable crops on earthworms and standardized litter decomposition. Journal of Land Management, Food and Environment, 2018, 69(1), 17-28. doi: 10.2478/boku-2018-0003 Ros, M., Klammer, S., Knapp, B., Aichberger, K. and Insam, H. Long-term effects of compost amendment of soil on functional and structural diversity and microbial activity. Soil Use and Management, 2006, 22, 209–218. Tatzber, M., Schlatter, N., Baumgartner, A., Dersch, G., Körner, R., Lehtinen, T., Unger, G., Mifek, E. and Spiegel, H. KMnO4 determination of active carbon for laboratory routines: three long-term field experiments in Austria. Soil Research, 2015, 53(190), doi: 10.1071/SR14200. Dersch, G. & Spiegel, H. (2020). Humusaufbau braucht noch mehr Engagement. Bauernzeitung, 34/2020, 20.August 2020, S. 7. |
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1 |
Case Study Site (CSS) |
10 – Murcia (Spain) |
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|
1.1 |
Responsible partner |
18 – CAMPO – CAMPOSEVEN |
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|
1.2 |
Short description of the CSS |
The study area is located in southeast Spain, at the Murcia Region, known as the field of Cartagena "Campo de Cartagena" region, which is a large area of crops that was put under irrigation since 1970s. This place is mainly dedicated to the cultivation of ecological horticulture in rotation for more than 40 years. The cooperative comprises among all the members a total extension of 750 Has dedicated to the agriculture, from which 48 Has have been under plastic mulches for more than 15 years. PE mulch has been used since then in this CSS mainly for two reasons: for weed control (since it is an organic crop, the removal of the adventitious plants is done manually) and water saving. In the last 3 years most of the farmers from the cooperative switched from PE mulch into oxxo-biodegrable plastic mulches, because the farmers thought that this plastic degrades at field conditions, which it is not the case. Therefore, in this CSS there are at least 2 sorts of plastic mulches residues in soils: Polyethylene and Oxxo-biodegradable. This CSS is a place where the long term effects of PE and oxxo biodegradable plastic mulches will be study on soil physicochemical and biological conditions. All farms of this cooperative are organic, but if required, it is possible to find conventional horticultural fields close to the experimental sites. |
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|
2 |
Location |
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|
2.1 |
Postal address |
Carretera RM-F48, CP 30592 Murcia |
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|
2.2 |
Name of region, province or canton |
Murcia |
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|
2.3 |
Coordinates (google earth) |
Lat: 37º 50” 33.70´ N, long: 0º 55” 9.16´ W |
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|
2.4 |
Altitude in meters |
100-110 m |
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|
3 |
Characteristics |
|||
|
3.1 |
Climate |
Semiarid |
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|
3.2 |
Land use |
Agriculture |
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|
3.3 |
Main crop |
Vegetables |
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|
3.4 |
Water supply (e.g. irrigation system) |
The waster right is managed by one irrigation community, which uses a combination of water from the Tajo river and water from the water treatment plants. |
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|
3.5 |
Type of drinking water supply |
In the main farm there is not drinkable water |
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|
4 |
Farming systems |
Conventional |
Organic |
Integrated |
|
4.1 |
Assessment of feasibility to find farming systems in (reasonable) geographical isolation |
/ |
Yes |
yes |
|
4.2 |
Potential for increasing yield |
/ |
Not sure |
|
|
4.3 |
Potential for reducing costs |
/ |
Mechanized process |
|
|
4.4 |
Application periods |
- |
- |
|
|
4.5 |
Alternative farming methods |
- |
- |
|
|
5 |
Plastic use / other stressors |
Conventional |
Organic |
Integrated |
|
5.1 |
Sources of MPs |
- |
Plastic mulch |
- |
|
5.2 |
Plastic types |
- |
We use PE and Oxo-biodegradable in the past. Now plastic types are 100% biodegradable |
|
|
5.3 |
Pesticides used: - |
- |
Pyrethrum extract, azadirachtin, paraffin oil, bacillus, pine oil, bacillus, spinosad |
- |
|
5.4 |
Veterinary drugs enter via dung, no data yet |
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|
6 |
Ongoing sharing of experiences |
|||
|
6.1 |
Ongoing training provision |
- |
||
|
6.2 |
Ongoing studies on agricultural production in the region |
Agrinova Murcia (Inovacion agraria de Murcia) is the organization in charge of the agricultural innovation in Murcia. This institution implement Eip-Agri operative groups workshops in Murcia, and also enhanced the project 2014-2020 of Rural Development of the Murcia region. |
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|
7 |
Human population |
|||
|
7.1 |
Demographics: |
1.494.442 inhabitants (50% men, 49.97% women) |
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|
7.2 |
Density |
132 inhabitants/km2 |
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|
7.3 |
Main villages |
Murcia, Alcantarilla, Molina de Segura, Cartagena, San Javier, Torre-Pacheco, |
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|
7.4 |
Regional & local organisation of health system, access to health information |
Consejeria de Salud de Murcia |
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|
7.5 |
Socio-economic characteristics |
15.6% of the active population is unemployed |
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|
7.6 |
Main sources of income by sector |
Agriculture |
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|
7.7 |
Social security system, subsidies (farmers) |
More than subsidies, Agrinova Murcia enhances projects related to the agriculture in Murcia. |
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|
8 |
Relevant stakeholder organizations |
|||
|
8.1 |
Local authorities |
City councils: San Pedro del Pinatar, San Javier, Murcia, Torre Pacheco, Cartagena |
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|
8.2 |
Farmers union |
Local farmers associations : COAG, ASAJA, FECOAM. Cooperatives of agricultural producers for selling: SURINVER, HORTAMIRA, SOLTIR, AGRIMESA, ALIMER, AGRODOLORES, SACOJE, CENTRAMISA, |
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|
8.3 |
Other |
Plastics: Spanish association of biodegradable and compostable plastics (ASOBIOCOM), |
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|
9 |
Diagnosis |
|
||
|
9.1 |
Problems/threats/challenges |
· Plastic debris accumulation from no 100% biodegradable plastics · High prices of the biodegradable plastics · Existence of European or national subsidies enhancing the use of oxxo-biodegradable plastics mulches · The use of the oxo-degradable terminology who promotes confusion among the farmers, and they think that this kind of plastic is biodegradable, when in the reality it is not · The coherent plastic mulch selection by the farmers in order to avoid the use of no biodegradable plastic mulch, for reducing as possible the plastic mulch debris pollution |
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|
9.2 |
Potential for increasing soil quality |
The soils from the region are poor in organic matter and the weather is extreme with intense precipitations and long dryness seasons. It is imperial to improve the soil conditions. |
||
|
9.3 |
Ongoing research and innovation actions on agricultural production |
Ecological agriculture |
||
|
9.4 |
Data availability – MPs in soil |
Not yet, thought, there is potential information because of the long tradition on plastic mulches use in this area. |
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|
10 |
Link to relevant information |
|||
|
11 |
References |
|||
|
1 |
Case Study Site (CSS) |
8 – Region of Crete (Greece) |
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|
1.1 |
Responsible partner |
12 – CHQ – Technologies P.C. |
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|
1.2 |
Short description of the CSS |
CSS farms are located in the prefecture of Chania (within the Region of Crete) where the main production includes tomatoes, cucumbers and olive oil. We initiated the collaboration with several farmers’ cooperation and companies across the prefecture of Chania, regarding the use of plastics in agriculture. |
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|
2 |
Location |
|||
|
2.1 |
Postal address |
Kissamos, Chania , Crete |
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|
2.2 |
Name of region, province or canton |
Elafonissi (Southern side of Crete) and Akrotiri (Northern side of Crete) |
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|
2.3 |
Coordinates (google earth) |
35o17’17.96” N, 23o32’51.36” E (Elafonissi) 35o33’38.56” N, 24o08’07.24” E (Akrotiri) |
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|
2.4 |
Altitude in meters |
0 m (Elafonissi) and 300-400 m (Akrotiri) |
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|
3 |
Characteristics |
|||
|
3.1 |
Climate |
Mediterranean (characterized by mild, rainy winters and hot, dry, sunny summers) |
||
|
3.2 |
Land use |
Mainly agriculture |
||
|
3.3 |
Main crop |
Tomatoes, cucumber, olive trees, grapes |
||
|
3.4 |
Water supply (e.g. irrigation system) |
Mainly groundwater |
||
|
3.5 |
Type of drinking water supply |
Groundwater |
||
|
4 |
Farming systems |
Conventional |
Organic |
Integrated |
|
4.1 |
Assessment of feasibility to find farming systems in (reasonable) geographical isolation |
> 10 farms, relatively isolated |
> 10 farms, relatively isolated |
- |
|
4.2 |
Potential for increasing yield |
yes |
Yes |
- |
|
4.3 |
Potential for reducing costs |
yes |
Yes |
- |
|
4.4 |
Application periods |
August and January |
August |
- |
|
4.5 |
Alternative farming methods |
Not known |
Crop rotation |
- |
|
5 |
Plastic use / other stressors |
Conventional |
Organic |
Integrated |
|
5.1 |
Sources of MPs |
Greenhouse cover, plastic cover |
Other sources (careless disposal of plastic packaging material, tyre wire). |
- |
|
5.2 |
Plastic types |
LDPE |
LLDPE, LDPE, HDPE |
|
|
5.3 |
Pesticides used: - |
Depends on the crops (tomato: cypermethrin, deltamethrin, indoxacarb, lufenorun, abamectin, Pendimentalin, S-metaolaclor, Rimsulfuron) |
- |
- |
|
5.4 |
Veterinary drugs enter via dung |
no data yet |
||
|
6 |
Ongoing sharing of experiences |
|||
|
6.1 |
Ongoing training provision |
No |
||
|
6.2 |
Ongoing studies on agricultural production in the region |
CHQ, Asop-Elafonisiou and other agricultural-relevant partners will apply for a project from the Greek government about increasing the yield of tomatoes and cucumbers through biological methods |
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|
7 |
Human population |
|||
|
7.1 |
Demographics: |
Inhabitants: 623674 (Region of Crete); >65 years: 19 %; 15-65 years: 64%; 0-15 years: 17% |
||
|
7.2 |
Density |
Population density: 75,9 Inhabitants/km2. |
||
|
7.3 |
Main villages |
All farms are located near villages within the Prefecture of Chania |
||
|
7.4 |
Regional & local organisation of health system, access to health information |
Public hospitals, Ministry of Health |
||
|
7.5 |
Socio-economic characteristics |
15500 euros per capita |
||
|
7.6 |
Main sources of income by sector |
Agriculture and Tourism |
||
|
7.7 |
Social security system, subsidies (farmers) |
Public security system & subsidies |
||
|
8 |
Relevant stakeholder organizations |
|||
|
8.1 |
Local authorities |
Municipality of Chania & Municipality of Kandanou-Selinou |
||
|
8.2 |
Farmers union |
Agrifal, Platanos Coop, Asop-Elafonisiou, Agricultural Association of Horticultural Producers Greenhouse of Elafonisi-Chrysoskalitisa |
||
|
8.3 |
Other |
Olive trees of Agia Triada monastery (managed by VINOLIO Ltd) |
||
|
9 |
Diagnosis |
|
|
9.1 |
Problems/threats/challenges |
Decrease of available water from irrigation, plastic use, soil preservation |
|
9.2 |
Potential for increasing soil quality |
yes |
|
9.3 |
Ongoing research and innovation actions on agricultural production |
There are ongoing projects among universities, NGOs, private companies and research institutes in the field of sustainable agriculture and use of plastics. |
|
9.4 |
Data availability–MPs in soil |
Very limited information (based on preliminary sampling done by TU-Crete) |
|
10 |
Links to relevant information |
|
|
http://www.elafonisi.gr/en/cooperative https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chania_(regional_unit) |
||
|
11 |
References |
|
